Environmental toxicology Essay

Environmental toxicology refers to unique(predicate) reed organs as commit organs. This is an organ that has the highest probability of being touch by picture to a specific substance. Target organ toxicity refers to the negative effects a chemical has on that target organ after entry into the body (Hodgson, 2010). There are multiple organs much(prenominal) as the coloured which are targeted simply be take a shit of ease of access. either organ that keister be accessed finished less guarded kiosk w wholes or higher levels of lipids are more susceptible to entry by toxi evictts.High traffic organs like the kidneys and liver make it comfy as they receive and filter every(prenominal) communication channel therefore fetching the toxin in large doses to cleanse the body. The primary purpose of the kidneys and liver is to dispatch toxins and therefore this action is there specialty making them more susceptible. The gentlemans gentleman body has a specialized detoxificatio n process that includes a specific target organ, the liver. The liver is a primary regulator of chemical levels in the communication channel and it too excretes bile that helps the breakdown of fat (Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital, 2012).This breakdown helps to set up the fats for the final stages of digestion and ultimately absorption. The liver has two sources of blood flowing threw it at all times, oxygenated blood from the hepatic artery and nutrient-rich blood from the hepatic inlet vein. Approximately 13% of blood in the body is held in the liver at any moment (Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital, 2012). The blood that leaves the stomach and intestines exit be passed through the liver before it is allowed to change of location anywhere else in the body.In the liver nutrients and toxins are broken down so they domiciliate be used easily the body. Waste is not only excreted through the bile but also in the blood which ordain travel to the kidneys and leave the body as ur ine (Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital, 2012). The liver has galore(postnominal) very important duties it carries out such as cleaning the blood of toxins and bacteria, and producing the bile that carries away waste and breaks down fat (Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital, 2012). With all of this toxic intervention the liver an be overworked and disease can overcome, such as continuing liver disease (Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital, 2012).The conditions that lead to chronic liver disease are vast but they fall into quintet ag conventions (Chronic liver, 2011). The first group is the viral group classification which includes conditions such as hepatitis B and C (Chronic liver, 2011). The second group is the metabolic group which includes diseases such as Wilsons disease (Chronic liver, 2011). The third group is the autoimmune retort group which includes primary biliary cirrhosis sufferers (Chronic liver, 2011).The fourth group is the toxin-related group which includes alcoholism and the last is the miscellaneous group with ailments such as regenerate heart failure (Chronic liver, 2011). Within these groups there is a silent slayer though which raises the risk for that group. That is the toxin-related group be clear alcoholism leads to cirrhosis and then to hepatitis (Chronic liver, 2011). That group al peerless takes a person through three groups in one shot. While researching toxicants and reactions there have been some similarities found. Many toxicants affect the lungs, skin, and eyes. concentrate for instance Sulfur Dioxide, Asbestos, and gasoline. Sulfur Dioxide is a colorless gas with a choking odor and suffocating qualities (Air Gas, 2012). It is toxic to humans even at low concentrations. The target organs of Sulfur Dioxide are the lungs, upper respiratory tract, the skin, and eyes (Air Gas, 2012). At the low dose of 8ppm coughing will pose leading to severe respiratory tract issues as well as eye and skin burns (Air Gas, 2012). Another toxic su bstance is a naturally occurring fibrous mineral called asbestos (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011).The most plebeian types are Chrysotile and Amosite. It targets the respiratory system, eyes, and is known as a carcinogen because it causes lung cancer. With chronic exposure dyspnea will begin, interstitial fibrosis and restricted pulmonary functions will be observed as well as finger clubbing, and eye temper (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Gasoline is a volatile combination of inflammable liquid hydrocarbons. Taken from crude petroleum it is highly used for internal-combustion engines.No matter the grade gasoline affects the eyes, skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, nose, throat, the respiratory tract, the central aflutter system, the liver and kidneys (Amerada Hess Corporation, 2004). In the eyes the effects are moderate create irritation. When it comes to the skin it depends on the exposure, if acute gasoline is mild but with prolong conta ct toxic amounts can be absorbed and scathe can be made. If the gasoline is ingested there are many major issues that will follow (Amerada Hess Corporation, 2004).First the breathing of liquid drops into the lungs when vomiting occurs, which can cause chemical pneumonia, lung damage, respiratory failure and ultimately death (Amerada Hess Corporation, 2004). This is not all ingestion can cause though as gastrointestinal issues can arise such as nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and even brain damage (Amerada Hess Corporation, 2004). If the ingestion is a chronic level of exposure convulsions could follow, even tone ending of consciousness, coma, and respiratory arrest.Another means of exposure is through inhalation. This can cause serious issues with the nose, throat, lungs and once again the respiratory tract (Amerada Hess Corporation, 2004). It can also cause headaches, dizziness and in vertigo, unconsciousness that leads to coma and even death. At the most chronic of levels gasoline th at contains benzene can cause anaemia or leukemia. If the liver or kidneys of the exposed person have already been compromised they can also become a target organ (Amerada Hess Corporation, 2004).