Wireless devices without Wi-Fi Essay Example for Free

Wireless devices without Wi-Fi Essay3.1.1What would happen if wireless devices were not governed by the Wi-Fi Alliance and separately vendor had its own standards and protocols? What impact would this have on your personal animation or business colloquys? Personal cultivation and business pull up stakes slow down due to separately vendor having its own standards/protocols. It will also be more vulnerable to attacks and make accessing more difficult.3.1.2 bemuse an different instance of a sticker that is used to visualize something that is difficult to observe or perceive. How does the posture make it easier to understand? Another way of displaying in cast of charactersation for easier understanding is to use a flow chart. A flow chart can be used as a pervert by step guide.3.1.3Based on what you already know about profits, what ar the different molds you think would be requisite for communication to be mapped to a vex? Consider direct conjunctives between force devices and connections that require other routing equipment, such as a hub, switch, or bridle-pathr.1. entropy link2. Physical3. Application4. meshing5. bewitch3.1.4The granularity of the reference model will often determine the usefulness of the model. What will happen if a model is too general? What will happen if a model is too granular (focused on individual detail)? If the data is too detailed, it may overlap with other in setion. However if the data is too general, thus there may be crucial knowledge missing.3.1 reassessment1. Why would a tercet-layer model of communication that has the layersphysical, network, and action be meagre to adequately describe network communication? The model would be insufficient because it would not have the ability to transport data to any other network.2. What is the history of the OSI reference model? How did it come about and why was it created? make use of your textbook and net income research to oblige your answer. OSI was creat ed in the young 1970s. It was created to define a unifying standard of architecture for networking systems. OSI was meant to be the imbedation for what would later be know as the internet but when comparing to transmission control protocol/IP protocols, OSI just wasnt enough to support the rapid growth of the internet. Now, the OSI model is used to explain networking in general terms. OSI is still used straight off by softw be/hardware designers to clarify roles in a networking system.3. What is the history of TCP/IP model? Why was it created? Use your textbook and internet research to support your answer. TCP/IP was developed in the early 1970s, originally as part of a research network the United States Defense mod Research Projects Agency (ARPA) developed. However, due to the TCP/IP protocols limitations and flaws, ARPA developed a new network. In the mid-1970s, it was found that TCP was attempting to do too much. This is when they decided to split TCP and IP into two separate layers. In the 1980s, TCP/IP was used to run ARPAnet and also started to expand to other machines and networks, completely evolving ARPAnet. This is how the internet was born.3.2.1 utilise Figure 3-1, define each layer of the OSI model in your own words and state what each layer provides. Use your textbook or internet research to support your answer. Application Quality of serve well is established, communication partners are identifies, user authentication and privacy is considered and established. Presentation Changes data into a form that the application can accept. Session Manages and terminates connections between applications. Transport Transfers data between systems, maintains flow control and recovery. Network Provides switches and routing technologies and creating arranged paths. Data link Data packet is encodedPhysical provides the hardware necessary for sending and receiving data, bit pelt3.2.2 development Figure 3-2 as a basis, complete the diagram to show the intermediateencapsulation provided by each layer. Use your textbook and internet research to support your answer. Transport SegmentsNetwork PacketsData link edge3.2.3Briefly explain the de-encapsulation steps in the communication of innkeeper B receiving a message and host A destined for an active application. Host A will use application for the OS eyepatch allowing the PC to still communicate to other devices. Transport will control the data sent and received. The network will place IP addresses to the packets allowing data to be added to the mac addresses and physical link between host and lines. make for 3.2.4Explain why routing devices do not need the upper layer of the OSI model to route traffic. What is the highest layer of the OSI model used by the router to decide where to forward traffic? The first three layers of the OSI is typically what a router needs to route traffic. The first three layer are physical, data link and network. The highest take aim the OSI decide where to forward traffic to is the transport layer which is located in the host layers.Lab 3.2 Review1. How does the abstraction of the physical layer facilitate interoperability across networks using different types of physical wires?IP terminals top executive be located in different parts of the build making it complex. in that respect are lines attack in and out of the build that might be different than that issued to a company. To try and replace matchless will be complex, confusing and time consuming if unsure.2. The OSI model is not directly implemented in networking and often the distinction between the layers will blur in implementation. Why does it endure despite these issues? Use your textbook and internet research to discharge your answer.Technicians still use the OSI model because it gives a step by step guide onhow the information is being transported and makes troubleshooting more precise.3. Given the direct of each, is it necessary to detain the top three laye rs of the OSI model as separate entities? Use your textbook and internet research to justify your answer.It is not necessary to keep the top three layers of the OSI model when TCP/IP combines the top three layers of OSI into whiz layer that ultimately does the same functions.Exercise 3.3.1Using your textbook and internet research, create a mapping between the TCP/IP model and the OSI reference model. What are the distinct divagations between them? wiz major difference between OSI and TCP/IP is the first three layers of OSI are combined into a single layer in TCP/IP known as the Application Layer. The other difference is the last two layers, Data link and Physical layer are combined into one layer known as Network Access or Link Layer.Exercise 3.3.2Identify the layer in which each protocol resides according to the TCP/IP model. OSI OSI Layer NameTCP/IP TCP/IP Layer NameEncapsulation UnitsTCP/IP Protocols7Application4ApplicationDataFTP, HTTP, POP3, IMAP, telnet, SMTP, DNS, TFTP6Pres entation5Session4Transport3TransportSegmentsTCP, UDP3Network2InternetPacketsIP2Data Link1Network AccessFrames1PhysicalBitsExercise 3.3.3The most common protocols used from this suite are IP, TCP, and UDP. Briefly describe the purpose and function of each of these. Use your textbook and internet research to support your answer. UDP User datagram protocol this is a connectionless service the gives best-effort delivery but does not guarantee delivery. This is often used for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications such as video conference applications. IP Internet protocol Primarily a communications protocol in spite of appearance the internet protocol suite that relays datagrams across network boundaries. Ultimately it establishes the Internet. Delivers packets from the root system host to computer address hosts ground on IP address in the packet header. TCP Transmission Control Protocol meaning protocol of IP. Known for its reliability and error checking deliv ery between programs running on computers connected by common networks. Sends data in the form of message units between computers using the internet.Lab 3.3 Review1. UDP is a connectionless protocol, unlike TCP, so there is no feedback on whether a packet was received. When would this type of protocol be used and what is the profit of using it? Use your textbook and internet research to draw your conclusions.UDP is ideal for when you are managing a large amount of information and you dont want to use TCP because the in operation(p) system wont be able to support that many sessions at one time. This does not happen frequently as TCP has become more reliable but it still is one example of why youd rather use UDP. UDP can also get a fast(a) response from another server more quickly. However UDP has been viewed as unreliable because there is no feedback and information can get lost.2. HTTP is the common protocol used to retrieve weave resources in a web web browser. This runs over T CP/IP networks using TCP. What characteristics of TCP make its use in this situation wanted? Use your textbook and internetresearch to draw your conclusion.The feedback feature in TCP is ideal because you are guaranteed that messages will be sent and received successfully. One common application that is a prime example of TCP and its success is through e-mail.Exercise 3.4.1The data link layer introduces physical addressing in the form of Media Access Control (MAC) addresses. Each build header is Ethernet, for example, will contain a source and destination MAC address. Why is this sufficient to route traffic locally without invoking the higher-level logical addressing? Use your textbook and internet research to guide your conclusion. MAC addresses are sufficient enough to route traffic to other networks because the frame header of MAC addresses contains all that is required without having to access higher level logical addresses.Exercise 3.4.2 recognize one of the captured packets. Click the + sign next to the Ethernet entry. This should give you the data link layer information for the frame, including the source and destination MAC addresses. Record the frame number and the source and destination MAC addresses identified by the data link layer heading. You can identify a MAC address by its format for example, 00 26 62 65 81 07 002662658107 is a MAC address. These are commonly written in hexadecimal shorthand.Exercise 3.4.3Open a web browser and navigate to a site that you use frequently (or visit www.pearson.com) while the packet capture is active. This will record the individual frames involved in resolving the website and delivering its content to your PC. When you view this traffic in the life packet capture, what protocols do you see invoked? You can find these under the Protocol heading for each frame.Exercise 3.4.4 and Exercise 3.4.5 cannot do because student doesnt have access to data link layer connection (Omnipeek).Lab 3.4 Review1. Wireshark give yo u the ability to save captured traffic. This can be agreat benefit to network administrators, but it can also pose a security risk. What kind of security risks does this give in? Use your textbook and internet research to support your conclusion.There are a few risks associated with Wireshark. There is a possibility of a back-door hack, and the security configuration of Wireshark enables it to run in the background after exiting. composition running in the background, one can access your routing information, IP addresses, passwords and usernames. 2. The frame encapsulates all other information from the higher layers of the network communication. What kind of information on the network layer encapsulation is available in Wireshark?Using Wireshark, you can track Wi-Fi access, IP addresses, network routings and encrypted packets.