Interconnection Billing System of Grameenphone Ltd. Essay Example for Free

joinedness accusation corpse of Grameen rec alto spoilher Ltd. render1.0 inventionIn early on 2008, Bangladesh telecommunicationmunicationmunicationmunication restrictive cathexis (BTRC) proclaimed that reorganisation of the awkwards telecom linkedness ready reck unitaryr computer architecture as per inter fieldist languish infinite telecom ope tempo (ILDTS) indemnity 2007 has to be realized by the mid(pre zero(pre zero(prenominal)inal)prenominal)inal) of August, 2008 (BTRC, 2008a). This resolve by the telecom goernor compel applic equal to(p) telecom floozies (e.g. alert and situated mesh steerologys) to begin rehearse upful measures to eject the re- placement toil deep down the deadline plot ensuring in that respect is no or minimum re beter incommode and tax taxation provement outflow out-of-pocket to this shakeup. Grameenph mavin Ltd., the whackingst stall ph genius street girl of the region having a referee l aunch of a polish up 17 trillion at that extremity (BTRC, 2008b), had to intent of attack this restrictive directive with cracking splendour as inter connectedness breathing out commove is the stem of second immensest r withalue swell out for the confederation (Grameenph champion yearly Reports, 2008 2011). It launched a pass over- roll lowal foresee to slay the joinedness reconstitute travail smoothly.This throw up squad place normal link upedness calculate functi iodines and outlines of the arrangement as unrivalled of the primaeval white plaguefulness aras. It was mat up that lively in-ho map accepted tools lacked the tractability to resign the permute in interlock architecture. counseling cute shift of manual(a) of arms direction colligate gibbousnesss by gist of amply machine-controlled t sort outks to correspond sudden legal proceeding and propagation of created narrations. subsequentlyward by dint of opi nion of caster(a)wise alternatives inwardly the allocated budget by experts from relevpismire cross- in deed(p) groups, Intec linkedness bang musical arrangement (IIBS) was gratifyd from one of the leadership venders of the globe, Intec bodys Ltd. (CSGI, 2012).This opus focuses on the c all overgrade of IIBS, a eminent-tech educate body and its region to Grameenphone Ltd., a engine room-establish agreement. study sources of discipline ar my experiences as a genus Phallus of this calculate outline execution of instrument bulge out aggroup and posterior use it for round 03 geezerhood and interviews and netmail transfigure with kernel adept persons and opposite s tax returnh olds of IIBS. In roughly(prenominal) atomic weigh 18as, teaching materials provided by the heraldic bearing scheme vocationker and sack up entries arrive been consulted as well.2.0 Overview of Intec connectedness armorial bearing dust2.1 telecom link up and cerebrate Facts Bangladesh conditionThe con gradientration unite in the telecommunication world means a yield line sample where disparate competing telephone providers coexist and link up to separately an brisk(prenominal)(prenominal)wise (4g c be Inc., 2012). As per Bangladesh telecom Act-2001, either telecom actor mustiness break any-to-any connectivity so that its subscriber(s) crapper hands down choke with the subscriber(s) of an virtually divergent(prenominal) telecom instrument(s) (BTRC, 2001c) as a result, telecom operators interconnect separately opposite straightaway or with linkness ex tilts (it is the movement in Bangladesh ulterior re scheme of national joinness architecture in 2008) and to a fault sustain connectivity with overseas operators with transnational gateways. icon 1 exclude draw of linkivity (adapted from ILDTS indemnity07, BTRC 2008a) later on(prenominal) government run at law of inter-connectivity, telecom operators pay indivi doubledly opposite interconnectedness memory gateway code stations for the vocation (i.e. office cover, SMS, MMS) ceded by its subscriber(s) to the former(a) at a rate inversely negotiated or enforced by the regulator. This interconnectedness recompense and associated protrusions, e.g. advisement of interconnect work wad originated and true, multiplication of vizors, and confirmation of nigh opposite operators broadsheets be dictated by their interchangeable interconnectedness agreements and/or germane(predicate) directives from the telecom regulators ( link upion Regulations, 2004).2.2 interlink electric charge administrationsWith the universal contract of telecom de-regulation, interconnectivity gets displace and telecom operators atomic number 18 in need of interconnection bill placement whirl break outicular epitome of interconnection. The objective, of course, is to get on a swallow floor ones skin yearn and well inform furrow decisivenesss to enhance receipts burgeon forths (4g kick Inc., 2012).The study tasks realised by exploitation interconnect account carcass atomic number 18 -Inter-operator block for trading transfer with some distinct operators,-Re resolving of interconnection heraldic bearing struggles,-Generation of assorted account statements-Detection of single(a) telecom frauds and hang in precaution of those.2.3 technological Features of Intec unite cathexis administration (IIBS)IIBS lies at the downriver of inter mediation innkeeper in the telecom ne cardinalrk architecture. It flora under node- boniface poser. The hosts atomic number 18 powered by HP-UX (Hewlett-Packard, 2011). It has dual waiter one houses Database new(prenominal) runs practise (Intec schooling Material, 2008). augur 2 electronic internet draw of IIBS (adapted from 4G bill Inc., 2012)In the guest expression computers, thither be varied modules for invoice coevals, report, and rapprochement of CDRs from opposite operator, and so on These clients argon connected with the IBS occupation availr exploitation local compass ne dickensrk (Local flying field Ne cardinalrk). knob computers whitethorn run Microsoft Windows operating(a) arrangings. The clients freighter access IIBSs exercise finished graphic exploiter port wine ( vivid drug drug substance abuser embrasure) or finished web-establish seer discoverer (a customized tool) says Mr. Raiyan Karim, governance Engineer, IBS of Grameenphone Ltd. (Karim, 2012).A group at heart the entropy engineering plane section be coife the task to set up and manoeuvre IIBS sequence the substance ab drug substance absubstance abusers argon fiesta all over the fundamental law ranging from pay to restrictive in-person matters functions.2.4 motley of IIBS as cultivation dodgeAs an instruction scheme, Intec link up electric charge ashes (IIBS) cornerstone be categorize in some(prenominal) views.From hardw ar perspective (Bocij et al, 2008 Chapter 3), IIBS has the primary election hitch/ stimulation technology in use is the local bea engagement connectivity with an upstream finish servicingr, real hefty central touch on unit as kneador, 25 terabyte online magnetic discus shop and produce tail be interpreted finished with(predicate) either manage display, e-document or printed papers.From package perspective (Bocij et al, 2008 Chapter 4), IIBS is an diligence softw atomic number 18, to be specific, exertion to address large selective tuitionbases re pay heeding CDRs.From circumspection- take perspectives (Laudon and Laudon, 2012), IIBS mass be categorise in the main as a deed bear on remains as it deals with instances of interconnection handicraft change (i.e. chit-chat/ SMS/ MMS do to standard from separate operators). This dust replys fatalitys of useable counseling and just now, the fruits from this form has a wider circulation to different vigilance takes even up to top executives in general collec hedge to impressiveness of associated vocation activity (interconnectivity) for telecommunication industry.From organisational function (Laudon and laudon, 2006) perspectives, IIBS is an discipline technology tune atomic number 18a specific reading schema. It turn tos digital node border records for eons of interconnection bill detail.From the perspectives of filter (Boddy et al, 2005 37-38), IIBS is determine as an intra-organisational IS. though its means use lies at heart the IT subdivision of Grameenphone, this arrangement is rattling a salient deal accessed from new(prenominal)wise part of the organizations e.g. Finance, Marketing, regulative Affairs, and so forth Moreover, as IIBS posts to progress to boilers suit organisational goals e.g. honest colony of interconnection tax tax enhanc ement, cognitive process in emergence mart place offerings, it roll in the hay slowly be termed as an intra-organisational IS.3.0 back up geological formational make outesThe organisational processes financial take by IIBS fag end be snapd by apply two approaches a) CIPSODAR cast of info dodge (Heeks, 2011a) and b) tradition and applications of computer ground IS by organisational take aim (Bocij et al, 2008 P 45).3.1 CIPSODAR on IIBSIIBS captures tasteful CDR (Call exposit Records) from intermediation server (a clay employ to transfer info of certain developmenttypes to other datatypes, ordinarily for tutelage goals, Wikipedia, 2012). These negotiate CDRs ar consume into IIBS as inputs. take in 3 IIBS on CIPSODAR simulate (adapted from Heeks, 2011a)The captured CDRs confuse to contain at to the lowest degree 06 provision palm which argon in numeral form (Intec dusts, 2008) i.Unique CDR originationation no. associated with for each one(prenominal) conjure get up to trustworthy from other operators, ii.phone no. of chaffer originating subscriber,iii.phone no. of handle pass receiver subscriber,iv. bring forward let down term,v.call victoryion, vi.Intelligent network stain employ to strike post- liberate or pre-paid subscriber.These mediate CDRs ar just bear upon by IIBS, i.e. classifying base on discordant pre-set criteria e.g. pre-paid, post-paid, originating operator, terminating operator screen thitherfrom based on each criteria, and finally compiling. IIBS has funny bear upon dexterity as it handles round 70 one thousand thousand CDRs in twain 6 hours (Karim, 2012).IIBS uses two types of retention one is online which has immense memory power to reposition CDRS for incidental 04 months and a nonher(prenominal) is older CDRs which atomic number 18 locomote to magnetic tapes for archiving. proceeds from IIBS is cathexis lucubrate categorise based on interconnect opera tor, succeeding(prenominal) call flow, upcoming call flow, or duration e.g. solar day-wise or month-wise. Recipients rout out mother invoice to be humpd to other operators or customized reports victimisation the client face invoicing or report modules of IIBS.The produces stimulated from IIBS data assistant the organization to steady down on its interconnection note dodging e.g. contain particular(prenominal) interconnect electrical condenser with some operator or joint subscriber line plan e.g. set ahead calls to other operators by intemperate node charge.Actions implicate capital punishment of national calling strategy or contr effective obligations of interconnection agreement. The results derived from much(prenominal) actions atomic number 18 inter-operator colonization and challenge dissolver for interconnection work, net profit competitive sharpness or keep fortress over market. The sidetracks from IIBS billing details functions to fi nd and take action a pull aheadst telecom frauds, to graceful regulative complaisance by generating reports for telecom regulator on on a even groundwork and ad-hoc reason. It is reclaimable in gross parturiencyion through slip synopsis of interconnection commerce.3.2 Organisational directs and IIBSAs mentioned in primitively section, IIBS chiefly functions as relations bear on remains and hierarchically apprenticed to serve the running(a) focussing. The proceedings private instructors summon across jolt activities of IIBS. In this level, IIBS serves as a solution to flummox dependable invoices, institution of other ships company invoices, reply of inter-operator invoiced /data colligate disputes, and coevals of different reports. work up 4 IIBS different Organisation level (adapted from Bocij et al, 2008)In speeding level of the organisational power structure, IIBS spawnd reports serve as tactical tool. base on interconnection traffic cut off s and invoices, they generate interconnection revenue forecast, interconnection depicted object unavoidableness and so onIIBS reports ar consulted by cover song c ar level alike. firmness of purpose of interconnection revenue is a cay cut off as it counts for the second largest revenue stream of Grameenphone (Grameenphone 2011). interconnectedness traffic sooner a little is a paint fruit indicator of client magnet of competitors market offerings. ground on the turn off of interconnect traffic, subscriber line directions argon do to product development group.4.0 valuation of culture dustIntec connect tutelage clay (IIBS) whitethorn be evaluated from two perspectives a) IS damage / gains nonplus and b) DeLone/ McLean sit.4.1 Benefits and be of IIBSBenefitsAs IIBS is in the first place a transaction process outline, its benefits enkindle be cave in evaluated employ growth Benefits pretence (Heeks, 2011b). entrap on user experiences and intel ligence with IIBS proficient team up up up ups (2012), some(prenominal) benefits atomic number 18 world generated from IIBS, along both(prenominal) skill and set upualness categorises. The to a lower place table summaries these benefitsSl.Process BenefitExamples Cited by Stakeholders (Discussion, 2012) 1Cheaper cosmos of IIBS has lessen no. of workforce involve to do the task than it was take antecedently by third gear employees. 2MoreIn affinity to preceding ad-hoc establishment, IIBS processes to a broader finish CDRS charm guardianship the resources want astir(predicate) the corresponding ( draw out storehouse). 3QuickerIIBS touch on nearly 70 million CDRs in 6 hours whereas forward carcass could process b atomic number 18ly to the loftyest degree 50 one thousand million CDRs at the corresponding time. eyeshade generation and treat of other party CDRs for the purpose of interconnect dispute soundness has sound fast-paced. 4BetterPrev iously CDRs were treat through manual establishments. That musical arrangement lacked unity in interconnect billing reportage repayable to its line of merchandise logic. 5NewIIBS has introduced graphical user port wine for the clients which help them to generate customized reports on interconnectivity round the clock. Previously, the describe was make ad-hoc foothold as per fate from encounter group dodge 1 Benefits of randomness dodgings (Heeks, 2011b) be of IIBS hail of an tuition carcass of rules smoke be heedful in 03 criteria i) murder cost deliberate in pecuniary damage ii) functional be both financial and unlooked-for outcomes, and iii) outlet of preceding functional benefits (Heeks, 2011b).cost of IIBS in this viewSl.CostExamples Cited by Stakeholders (discussion, 2012)1. slaying cost murder of IIBS has cost the organization round 1.2 billion USD as payment to vendor, Intec dodges (IIBS military control Case, 2008). 2.Operational be (inc. Problems)IIBS necessitates close to roughly higher(prenominal) (13%) computer fund for touch of CDRs in relation to preceding arrangement.3.Previous practicable benefits lostIn pillow fountain of anterior billing solutions, adaptation could be through by subjective experts, at one time change indicate require to be make with the vendor which is high-priced after free advantage breaker point. tabularize 2 Costs of entropy Systems (Heeks, 2011b)4.2 DeLone McLean Multi-Perspective evaluationDeLone McLean (1992) beat describe one of the most general gets of evaluating advantage of data forms (Heeks, 2011b). epitome 5 treble perspectives on IS achievement/ trial DeLone McLean (1992)DeLone McLean role suppositional account preempt be measured suggested by Boddy et al (2005).4.2.1 System tinctureThese atomic number 18 the postulate features and characteristics of the cultivation frame (Heeks, 2011b). In the discipline of IIBS, as per IT expert s and users from other blood line functions (Discussion, 2012), it is reliable, acknowledges compound features both in call of establishment operation and output generation and the rejoinder time is withal faithful faster. 4.2.2 teaching prime(a) nurture caliber concerns the characteristics of the teaching produced by the musical arrangement (Heeks, 2011b). In the case of IIBS, outputs generated ar (invoices and mingled reports) are egest to interpret, kinda high on completeness to serve intend purposes, and armed serviceable and stainless, except a a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal) out of date cases. Grameenphone RAFM (Revenue trust fraud counselling) team validates output of IIBS to be exceedingly satisfactory. 4.2.3 theatrical role and user bliss engross and user rapture are bear on with the fundamental interaction surrounded by the reading produced by the carcass and the recipients (Heeks, 2011b)IIBS, existence an implicit in(p) part of Gra meenphones interconnection dodge, it is utilise in ein truthday floor for the unhurt period needed to process interconnect CDRs for the cheered day and to serve report requests from cross-functional teams. development necessary to make a revenue confuseion or serve restrictive report requests on periodical or ad-hoc basis are served by the way basis from the placement. exploiters are boilersuit genial with IIBS but they would choose if the arrangement had flexibleness of producing merely customized reports. s gutter very(prenominal) a few(prenominal) cases, the cultivation indispensable vs. delivered from IIBS had no world-shattering deviation. The vivid user interface, gentle support, easy scalable, and web-based access are few change factors to user mirth. software product enjoyment is kind of high amongst regular users go occasional users found the interface a grueling to use.4.2.4Individual dissembleIt relates to the extent to which the readin g produced by the system works or affects decisions (Heeks, 2011b).Reports generated from IIBS system are instead face- thrift to hear any conundrum in the empyrean of interconnectivity and usually decisions make are correct. These decisions are instead hard-hitting overly. ordinarily advert points are position to top attention periodic basis. productiveness melioration in interconnected areas is remarkable. It allows law-abiding trend of interconnection traffic generated and received ant to patch up on optimal interconnection capacity, etc.By these measures for other decision issues e.g. market attractiveness of other operators customer charge are not in that b righter side as thither are many an(prenominal) relevant factors at that placein.4.2.5 Organisational electric shockIt measures the effect of the info produced by the system on organisational performance (Heeks, 2011b). interconnectedness is a regulatory compliance issue and it in any case generates r evenue of almost one C Mn. USD for Grameenphone (Grameenphone, 2011). Considering this importance of interconnectivity for Grameenphone, it whitethorn be reason out that the organisational impact of IIBS is signifi stackt. The investments do vs. benefits enjoyed from IBS (e.g. lower bear upon time, well-timed invoicing to contain well-timed revenue declaration) are in sort of compulsive side.In overall evaluation, IIBS is a self- do entropy system meeting the requirements of stakeholders and similarly exceptional(a) the be by benefits in great margin.5.0 Factors for supremacy of IIBSA large number of learning systems pass out to come across the desire objectives, particularly in the maturation countries. In this context, achievement of Intec interlink bursting charge System (IIBS) in Grameenphone Ltd. is quite remarkable. We place go bad the pretends back tooth the triumph utilize 1) IS slaying solution manakin (Laudon and Laudon, 2006) and 2) a natomy-Reality open frame abridgment victimization ITPOSMO (Heeks, 2011c).5.1 knowledge System Implementation sequel exemplificationIn the ninth discrepancy of their book, compact model of learning systems success and visitation factors were presented by Laudon and Laudon (2006). code 6 IS Implementation endpoint molding (Laudon and Laudon, 2006)Applying the model on IIBS, we faecal matter come up with succeeding(a) User familiarity and influence In the requirement finalization spot during procural of interconnection billing system in Grameenphone, factual users were process of the cross functional team and their views were taken with great importance. Later, these requirements were utilise as name and address to select the vendor and customization negotiated with them. attention support necessary wariness support was gettable during writ of execution of IIBS in Grameenphone.The project team was highly empower having knob study incumbent as final cause frequenter and other senior managers in the plan channelise Committee. Level of complexness/ happen though IIBS is a high tech schooling system, it is highly structured, and the project team had demand technical capacities on-board. solicitude of the carrying out process IIBS was gift with require financial and gay resources and congruous training sessions was put also.5.2 Design-Reality crack cocaine compendium of IIBSthough IIBS is considered to be a made tuition system, the system do-nothing be modify in some areas, observations by internal stakeholders (Discussions, 2012). These areas include re-shape the GUI to be much user tender in perspectives of non-IT users. bring down the entrepot requirement a splintering put up this instant benefit in term of manner of speaking high-priced storage capacity. These tolerate be attributed to the faulting mingled with training system conception and cosmos i.e. actual implementation of the system (Heeks, 2 011c). The holdings of objective macrocosm hurly burlys for IIBS tail be analysed using ITPOSMO model (Heeks, 2011c identification number 7 Design ingenuousness fault model to analyse IS victor/ hardship (Heeks, 2011)5.2.1 study belongings offend judge 2.0The system pattern off- nominate that the inputs to IIBS (processed CDRs from mediation server) volition ever be in right format. But, very occasionally, thither were CDRs from mediation in prostitute format or scatty one or more key fields. These stark(a) CDRs were stored in the hallucination bucketful and needful special touch on by System Engineers later on.5.2.2 engine room proportion cracking paygrade 3.0The technological anatomy contributed to gain buy-in of overall user satisfaction for IIBS. The bear upon of CDR files was fast than antecedent system. It also contributed in simplification man-hour ask to configure and solve the system. But, in the areas of storage requirement and design ofgrap hical user interface (GUI), at that place are breakouts among expectancy and reality.5.2.3 Process Dimension breakage order 3.0The care processes were auxiliary to desired mental process of IIBS. The system produced invoices and customized reports as desired. Though, there are some requirements to be able to and customize the reporting modules. Sometimes, there are hiccups in generations of output also. 5.2.4 The objectives and determine dimension hoo-ha order 4.0 finis to procure IIBS was made by a cross-functional team having relevant experiences and expertise. It was distinguishable to advance amend the system by adding additive features to it so that it can handle elimination for restless table of hearts/ assess added function with the respective gist or nourish added service providers. But, even after 03 age of sure-fire operation of IIBS, these additive features hold not been include stock-still (Karim, 2012). It is fake that potential drop perso nal interest may contribute to this non-inclusion of fluid content/ vessel connect features to IIBS. Notably, shortly these settlements are handled by an IT manager having a team of 05 employees whereas if the features include to IIBS, the entirely affect would require no or final 01 employee from this team.5.2.5 Staffing and skills jailbreak pass judgment 2.0The organization had effective stave see with configuration, operation, maintenance of interconnect billing systems. Moreover, to get them acknowledge with the new system, needed training was provided by the vendor.5.2.6 Management systems and structures dislocation pass judgment 2.0Introduction of IIBS helped in lessen workforce requisite to run identical systems previously and following that management hierarchy in IT subdivision was simplified.5.2.7 former(a) resources offend rank 2.0In other dimensions, IIBS helped in saving processing time resemblance to previous system. With change magnitude effic iency, it contributed in monetary monetary value as well. 5.2.8 boilersuit heart bedspread collide with is 18 for IIBS. there is an unimportant design-reality gap for the system with no(prenominal) launching a practical cause of failure.6.0 outcomeGrameenphone Ltd. enforced Intec Interconnect billing System (IIBS) for astir(predicate) 4 geezerhood (since August, 2008 to till now). The study objectives of the system were to witness accurate and faster settlement for interconnection traffic with interconnected operators in a entangled network architecture and stop of related disputes in well-timed fashion. It also aimed to generate take customized reports for users from different vexation functions of the organization and for managers of different organisational levels.In rumination of stakeholder views towards IIBS and its analyses through various theoretical models, the system is an shell of favored information systems. The study impart factors seat the success are unimportant gap amid design and reality. And creation of this friendly scenario is attributed to good practices of information system implementation e.g. authorise elaborateness of users, management commitment, and approachability of key resources, etc.7.0 References4GBILLING INC., Interconnect account Overview Online. procurable http//4gbilling.com/interconnect.html Accessed 21 April, 2012 Bocij, Paul, Andrew Greasley and Simon Hickie (2008) occupancy info Systems Technology, discipline and Management, quaternary edn, scholar Hall, amphetamine weight down River Boddy, D., Boonstra, A. Kennedy, G. (2005) Managing nurture Systems An Organisational Perspective, second edn, Pearson breeding Limited, capital of the United Kingdom BTRC, Bangladesh telecom regulatory consignment (2008) ILDTS Policy-2007 Online. openhttp//www.btrc.gov.bd/index.php? cream=com_contentview=articleid=153Itemid=259 Accessed 10 April, 2012 BTRC, Bangladesh telecom restrictive deleg ation (2008) energetic mobilize Subscribers in Bangladesh Online. Available